【TED影片-05】筆記與反思
Dolly Chugh
How to let go of being a 'good' person - and become a better person
放棄執著當一個「好」人-成為更好的人
<演講重點筆記>
The brain relies on shortcuts to do a lot of its work. That means a lot of the time, your mental processes are taking place outside of your awareness, like in low-battery, low-power mode in the back of your mind. That's, in fact, the premise of bounded rationality.
大腦靠捷徑完成很多工作，這意味著大部分的時間，你的思維過程發生在你的意識之外，就像大腦處於低電量、低功耗模式之下。這是「有限理性」的前提。
At any given moment, 11 million pieces of information are coming into your mind. Eleven million. And only 40 of them are being processed consciously.
在任意一個瞬間，數以萬計的訊息會湧入你的大腦。整個1111萬。而其中只有40個被有意識地處理。
(舉例：有些時候我們會不知道自己怎麼開車回家的，或是我們找了半天的冰箱，卻發現奶油一直都在自己手上。就這是有限理性的前提。)
This work on bounded rationality is what's inspired work I've done with my collaborators Max Bazerman and Mahzarin Banaji, on what we call bounded ethicality. So it's the same premise as bounded rationality, that we have a human mind that is bounded in some sort of way and relying on shortcuts, and that those shortcuts can sometimes lead us astray.
有限理性，提供了我和搭檔馬克思‧巴澤慢和馬札林．巴納吉研究「有限道德」的靈感來源。這和「有限理性」的前提是一樣的，我們的大腦是受束縛的，他需要依賴捷徑，而且這個捷徑有時候會讓我們誤入歧途。
(舉例：多數人更傾向於把男性和科學家聯繫起來，而不是女性和科學家聯繫起來-無意識偏見。我們會因為一個小禮物，讓大腦無意識收集證據，來支持送禮人的觀點-利益衝突。)
We also see bounded ethicality -- despite our attachment to being good people, we still make mistakes, and we make mistakes that sometimes hurt other people, that sometimes promote injustice, despite our best attempts, and we explain away our mistakes rather than learning from them.
有限道德-即便我們希望當個好人，我們仍會犯錯，我們犯的錯誤有時候會傷害他人，有時候會促進不公，儘管我們盡了最大的努力，我們會為自己的錯誤辯解，而不是從中學習。
These kinds of mistakes send us, send me, into red-zone defensiveness. They leave us fighting for that good person identity. But the latest work that I've been doing on bounded ethicality with Mary Kern says that we're not only prone to mistakes -- that tendency towards mistakes depends on how close we are to that red zone.
這類錯誤，讓我進入紅色警戒區。他們讓我們為好人的身分而戰，但我最近和瑪莉．克恩所做的「有限道德」的研究，發現我們不僅容易犯錯，犯錯的傾向還取決於我們離紅色警戒區的距離。
we're working so hard to protect that good person identity, to keep out of that red zone, that we're not actually giving ourselves space to learn from our mistakes and actually be better people.
我們努力地去捍衛我們的好人身分，遠離紅色警戒區，以至於我們沒有足夠的空間從錯誤中學習，去真正做一個更好的人。
So what I've been thinking about is what if we were to just forget about being good people, just let it go, and instead, set a higher standard, a higher standard of being a good-ish person? A good-ish person absolutely still makes mistakes. As a good-ish person, I'm making them all the time. But as a good-ish person, I'm trying to learn from them, own them. I expect them and I go after them. I understand there are costs to these mistakes. When it comes to issues like ethics and bias and diversity and inclusion, there are real costs to real people, and I accept that.
如果我們忘記做一個好人會怎麼樣？就這樣隨他去。或是，設計一個更高的標準，一個「善良人」的更高標準？一個善良的人無疑仍會犯錯，做為一個善良的人，我常犯錯。但作為一個善良的人，我試圖從錯誤中學習，解決問題，不逃避錯誤，而是直接面對。我知道這些錯誤要付出代價，當涉及到倫理、偏見、多樣性與包容等問題時，這對真實的人來說是真實存在的代價，而我接受這個事實。
As a good-ish person, in fact, I become better at noticing my own mistakes. I don't wait for people to point them out. I practice finding them, and as a result ... Sure, sometimes it can be embarrassing, it can be uncomfortable. We put ourselves in a vulnerable place, sometimes. But through all that vulnerability, just like in everything else we've tried to ever get better at, we see progress. We see growth. We allow ourselves to get better.
作為一個善良人，事實上，我變得更善於發現自己的錯誤。我不用等別人指出他們，我鍛鍊自己去尋找他們。結果呢？當然，有些時候會讓人感到尷尬，覺得不舒服。有時，我們變得處於弱勢的位子，但克服所有弱點之後，就像所有一切我們努力改進的東西，我們可以看到進步。我們看到成長，我們允許自己變得更好。
<反思>
- 想成為「好人」的心結，會讓人變成一個不敢進步的人。但事實上，這世界上「好人」的定義是很主觀的。「好」或「不好」，也太二分法了。
- 我也中了「好人」毒嗎？當人家說我是好人時，我就真的是「好人」嗎？我自以為良善的舉動與思想，是否正在傷害一些人而不自知？
- 如果別人不說我是「好人」有關係嗎？如果死後看著棺材裡的自己，還會在意別人是否說我是好人嗎？還是生命的重點應該在於徹底思考：我在這個世界上想成為怎樣的人、想完成什麼樣的事、想在這個世界有何貢獻？
- 所謂更好的人，是能放下警戒、面對錯誤，讓自己變的更好的人。我有朝著這個方向前進嗎？
- 我是否有為了「捍衛好人」的角色，而不自覺出現「紅色警戒」？當我開始擔心別人說我不是好人時，我是否有一些該有的舉動或該做的事而沒做出來？例如：為了不讓小小孩討厭自己，所以不去指正他的錯誤？為了讓朋友說自己是好人，所以不去表明他的不是？下一次，我應該更勇敢一點，試著幫助別人更好，而不是為了「表面和平」或「擔心他人對自己的評價」，而去單純只是扮演「好人」。
<講者書籍>
The Person You Mean to Be: How Good People Fight Bias
(目前只有英文版)
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